There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the laws governing car insurance vary from state to state. However, in general, states are categorized as either at-fault or no-fault states.
In at-fault states, drivers are typically required to carry liability insurance that covers injuries and property damage incurred in a car accident. The driver at fault in the accident is responsible for paying damages, up to the limits of their policy, to the other drivers involved.
In no-fault states, drivers are typically required to carry personal injury protection (PIP) insurance. This type of insurance covers the driver's own injuries, regardless of who was at fault in the accident. In some cases, PIP may also cover the driver's passengers and/or injuries to other drivers and passengers in accidents that occur outside of the vehicle.